MILLER Arthur
Arthur Asher Miller.
Asher is the Hebrew name of one of the twelve Israel tribes.
Date of birth : October 17, 1915, New York City.
Date of death : February 10, 2005, Roxbury, Connecticut.
Portrait
adult
Addresses
* 1920 : 231 West 110th Street, New York City ()
* 1930 : 1277 Ocean Parkway, Brooklyn (,,)
* 1940 : 1350 East Third Street, Brooklyn ()
102 Pierrepont Street, Brooklyn
* 411 North State Street, Ann
Arbor
* 122 North
Thayer Street, Ann Arbor
* 34 East
74th Street, Manhattan
* 18,
Schermerhorn Street, Brooklyn
* 62 Montague Street, Brooklyn Heights, with his wife and 2 children
* 1947 : 153 Tophet Road, Roxbury
* 1950-1953 : 155 Willow Street, Brooklyn Heights, with his wife and 2 children ;-
* Studio at the Chelsea Hotel, 222 West 23rd Street, New York City
* 1956 Roxbury (Connecticut)
* 1957 Amagansett
232 Tophet Road, Roxbury, Tel WBURY 263 3500.
Story
His parents were Isadore and Augusta Miller. His father, clothes manufacturer, was ruined by the Crisis of October 24, 1929.
He started by writing a play while he was a student at the Michigan
University; he would obtained a prize in
On August 5, 1940, he married a student Mary Grace Slattery, met at the Michigan University
Registration card October 16, 1940
They had 2 children, Jane and Robert ,,;,,
Mary would later work as sub-editor at Harper's, a publishing company in New York City.
He asserted himself as one of the best drama writers of his era, writing realistic plays ("The Man Who Had All The Luck", "Focus" a play about anti-Semitism) and became famous with "All My Sons" (1947), crowned best play of the year by the New York Drama Critic's Circle, then with "Death Of a Salesman" (1948) which obtained the Pulitzer prize in 1949.
With Tennessee Williams and Eugene O'Neill, he was considered as one of the most talented American playright.
Although committed in the defense of some social
thesis, he practised sports, liked to live outdoors, did some gardening
and work on wood, instead of spending hours to talk artistic theory.
He was discharged at the moment of the Second World War, because of an injury.
In 1947, the FBI, watching Miller since 1944, found eminently suspect his involvement in a weekly seminar organized by the venerable Simon Shuster publishing company, where the writers got together to try to counter attack the die-hard propaganda spread by the media. Actually, Miller attended only 2 or 3 Communist authors meetings.
As for his theatrical work, it was no more made to reassure the FBI. His first Broadway success, "All My Sons"
(1947) described the story of an engine manufacturer who deliberately
sold defective bits to the Us Air Force, a play denounced as enrolled
in the Party propaganda line by the FBI.
In 1948, a satirical tract entitled "Counter-attack", described Miller as Communist and simultaneously, the FBI condemned his support to the new state of Israel.
The main probable evidence of Miller's membership at the Communist Party, was the Cultural and Scientific Conference for World Peace, which he attended on March 25, 1949, New York City at the Waldorf AstoriaAmong the patrons, Albert Einstein and Eleanor Roosevelt. Among the participants, there were scientists, teachers, composers and writers.
Elia Kazan's participation to a play guaranteed its production; Kazan had a non-exclusive contract of 6 movies with the studios of Twentieth Century Fox : so, he could direct the play or the movie he wanted. The Tennessee Williams's play "The Rose Tattoo" had been proposed to him but he had prefered "The Hook" and decided to direct it with a big studio.
There are several version sof Arthur's meeting with Marilyn. But the only witness of their meeting was Elia Kazan.
Abe Lastfogel from the William Morris Agency and Kazan's agent, accompanied Kazan and Miller to a meeting with Darryl Zanuck, the head of the studios. This one had already read "The Hook" and had refused it. Then Lastfogel tried his luck with the Warner, the studio which distributed "A Streetcar Named Desire".As long as they were at the Fox, Kazan took the opportunity to see Harmon Jones, the director of his previous movie, who directed then "As Young As You Feel" (1951).
It was on this occasion that they met Marilyn who had a small part in the movie.
Charles Feldman decided to organize a party in Arthur's honor, on January 26, 1951.
Marilyn was invited to this party as Kazan's girlfriend.
At that time, Arthur had just started a psychoanalysis with Rudolf Loewenstein (cf. Marianne Kris).
The next day, Miller, Kazan and Marilyn met Harry Cohn, head of the Columbia, to propose him a play written by Miller and that Kazan wanted to direct under the title "A Man Has to Die". The screenplay told the story of the Brooklyn's dockers fighting against a crook gang who exploit them; this screenplay was given up after the protests expressed by the trade unions, accusing the plot to develop anti American feelings.
During their first meeting, she was a starlet whose career hadn't yet started; he was aged 35 and was 10 years older than her.
In 1952, Miller went to Salem, Massachusetts, to make some researches about the hysteria against the Communists. He studied "The Devil in Massachusetts" of Marion Starkey and saw a parallel between the Salem witches trial in 1692 and the Communists hunting as it took place in the USA.
Miller prepared his new play,"The Crucible", in Broadway. It was his first original play since "Death Of aCondemnation of the House Un-American Activities Commitee and Senator McCarthy, "The Crucible" was a play courageous and topical on the political point of view. But in Broadway, the play was a flop, critical as long as commercial.
Marilyn went to live in New York City in 1955 but only few things are known about their relationship between 1951 and 1955.
Beginning of 1955, after Marilyn's arrival in New York, they met again.
Biographers disagree about the names of the go-betweens, sometimes, mutual friends as Norman and Hedda Rosten, are named; sometimes, it's Paula Strasberg.
Arthur and Norman Rosten had studied together at the Michigan University, and their respective wives, Hedda and Mary, had shared a room there.
At the time when he met Marilyn again, he was writing "A View From The Bridge".
At the end of August, he was on roadshow with "A View From The Bridge", and the other one-act play which accompanied it, "A Memory of Two Mondays".
On August 22, the first performance took place at the Summer Theater of Falmouth, Massachusetts.
In January 1956, he announced his divorce with Mary Grace Slattery.
Arthur and Marilyn spent the 2 first months of this year in New York, strolling in the streets of Brooklyn Heights; their friend, the photographer Sam Shaw took them in picture.
Miller made her visiting the places attended by the artists and the famous writers, telling her some anecdotes about his childhood.
Furthermore, on some reporters's instigation and with the government's
blessing, some die-hard lobbies were about to deal Miller a severe
blow, who had several enemies among the right-wing writers.
When Marilyn came back to the West Coast at the beginning of 1956 for the shooting of "Bus Stop", Miller called her every day.
When she talked about him, she said "Mr A."; during their affair, she called him "Daddy", "Papa" or "Pa", or "Art", "Poppy" and "Arturo"; Miller called her "Penny Dreadful", "Sugar Finney" and "Gramercy 5".
He then lived at the Guest Ranch, in Pyramid Lake (,;,
Marilyn entered the St Vincent Hospital in Los Angeles, for a viral illness, contracted during the shooting of "Bus Stop".
Despite its house arrest, Miller took a chance on
going regularly to Los Angeles to see her. They called each other
all the time.
On May 25, 1956, he wrote a letter to Marilyn .
He had to appear on June 2, 1956 at the House Un-American Activities Commitee.
On June 11, 1956, the day following his divorce, Arthur was back in New York City
The first announcement of the wedding was made by Miller at the House of Un-American Activities Commitee, on June 21, 1956, when he was asked why he had requested a passport, he answered that
he planned to accompany, in England, the woman who would then be his
wife.
Many commentators have maintained that Marilyn's support towards Miller saved him from more detailed investigations from the Commitee, in his political activities, including reality of his membership to the Communist Party. He was under surveillance since when he was a student, the FBI having gathered an important file about him and followed all his activities.
Because of her affair with Miller, whose work had been condemned by the FBI for "denigration fo the American way of life", Marilyn had also a file.
During the trial, she flew to Washington DC, in order to keep company to Miller; they lived at the Rauh's house,Marilyn publicly claimed her love for him and her faith in his innocence, despite the coming of Spyros Skouras in New York, one of the heads of the Fox, who tried to put pressure on her, to persuade Miller to give the names of the suspects to the Commitee.
On June 22, 1956, they officially announce their wedding to the press ,;
,, (more pics here).
On June 24, 1956, leaving to Roxbury -,-
On June 25, 1956, with the press (), before the dinner at Arthur's cousin's home, Morton
Miller ,,,;,,,
On June 29, 1956, there was a press conference when they announced their imminent wedding
, (more pics here).
The civil ceremony took discreetly place at the White Plains Courthouse (Westchester County, State of New
The ceremony was celebrated by Judge Seymour Rabinowitz; it began at 7.20 Pm and lasted 4 minutes.
The guests who attended were Milton Greene, Lee and Paula Strasberg, John Moore, and on Arthur Miller's side, his cousin Morton Miller with his wife FlorenceMarilyn was deeply affected by the death of the reporter Mara Scherbatoff in a car accident, while she was following Arthur and Marilyn on the country roads, driving towards their house in Connecticut. Marilyn considered this event as a ill omen.
On Sunday, July 1, Marilyn converted to Judaism (22nd Tamouz 5716 of the Jewish calendar).Her conversion certificate was signed by Milton Greene, Arthur Miller and rabbi Goldberg .
The Ketubah (Jewish prenuptial agreement) .
Then the religious ceremony was celebrated by rabbi Goldberg in Miller's agent house, Kay Brown, near Katonah
Lee Strasberg led Marilyn to the nuptial dais.
Her bridesmaid were Amy Greene, Hedda Rosten and Judy Kantor.
,, (more pics here).
In July, Arthur Miller obtained a passport to go with Marilyn in England, where she had to shot her next movie "The Prince and The Showgirl".
July 13, 1956, leaving New York
downstairs of their apartment ,-,,
at Idlewild Airport
Miller had to attend the premiere of his play "A View From The Bridge", and Marilyn had to begin the shooting of "The Prince and The Showgirl" with Laurence Olivier. They settled in the property of Englefield Green, in Egham, not far from London.
Englefield Green
The day of their arrival
with Laurence Olivier
alone
On July 15, 1956
Press conference on July 15, 1956, at the London Savoy Hotel
On July 16, 1956, luncheon at the Claridge's Hotel -
Englefield Green
On July 18, 1956, they attended the premiere of "South Sea Bubble", a play performed by Vivien Leigh at the
Lyric Theater of London ,,-,;.
On July 24, 1956, the writer
Terence Rattigan gave a party for the launch of "The Prince and The
Showgirl", which Marilyn and Arthur Miller attended in Edwardian
clothes
The first difficulties appeared in the couple when Marilyn found out
Miller's diary. Thus she learned that Miller had doubts about their
marriage that he felt as a load and from which he feared that he would
damage his own creativity.
In England, he was taken in Marilyn's circle; her problems (nasty relationships with Laurence Olivier of who she thought that he despised her as a person as long as an actress, then her difficulties with her partner Milton Greene) prevented him from devoting to his work.
Pictures during the shootingOn August 27, 1956, Arthur left to the USA, to visit his children; Marilyn went with him at the airport
Letter Arthur sent to Marilyn during the production in London
September 6, 1956, he was back in London
On September 7, 1956, they also attended the performance of "Caucasian Chalk Circle"of Bertold Brecht, performed by The BErliner Ensemble at the London Palace Theatre
On September 9, 1956, whatever were Marilyn's doubts about her wedding, she publicly defended Arthur when Lord Chamberlain wanted to ban "A View From The Bridge", for its allusion to homosexuality. Scandalized by the censorship, Marilyn was one of the first people to join the New Watergate Theater Club, an association which protested against any form of interference in arts
September 29, 1956, rehearsals of "A View From the Bridge"
On October 12, 1956, at he premiere of "A View From The Bridge" at the Comedy Theatre, Marilyn
stole the
show to the writers and the actors ,, (more pics here).
Then, with other personalities, she was introduced to Queen Elizabeth
November 19, 1956, Arthur and Marilyn attended a discussion about the English Theater at the Royal Court
November 20, 1956, leaving London
stop-over in Shannon, Ireland -,
From January 3 to 17, 1957
they went in honeymoon in Jamaica. They lived in a villa owned by Lady
Pamela Bird, in Moon Point. They were along with Arthur's cousin,
Morton Miller and his wife Florence.
At the Half Moon Hotel, in Montego Bay -
Arriving in New York, January 17, 1957
When they were back, they moved in an apartment located 444 East 57th Street,
not far from Marilyn's address before her leaving to London.
They spent the next 3 years between their New York apartment and their house of Roxbury, in Connecticut.
,,, (more pics here).
During the renovation work done in Roxbury, they moved in a house rented in Amagansett, Long Island
Hampton Beach (Long Island)
Amagansett ,,, (more pics here).
April 11, 1957, party given for the 200th Lafayette birthday at the Waldorf-Astoria ,
Spring 1957, preview of "The Prince and The Showgirl" ,,
On May 13, 1957, leaving to Washington DC where Miller was summoned at the House of Un-American Activities Committee
Departure at the Washington DC station
June 12, 1957, stroll in Manhattan ,, (more pics here).
Letter from Inez Melson dated June 24, 1957 .
During Summer 1957, in Amagansett, Marilyn had an ectopic pregnancy and was transfered to the New York Doctors Hospital.
Arriving at the hospital, August 1st, 1957 -
Marilyn was in a room at the 9th floor, Arthur was lodged at the 3rd floor
Leaving the hospital, August 10, 1957
In the ambulance
On November 18, 1957, they attended the premiere of "Conversation Piece", a play performed by Joan Copeland,
Arthur's sister -,,, and the following
party at the Barbizon Plaza Hotel ,
In 1958, the problems of
the couple became obvious for everyone : sometimes Marilyn had terrible
angers in public, which caused Miller's escape. Norman Rosten told that Miller, in a pitiful condition, took refuge in his office. Lena Pepitone
claimed that they practically lived separated from each other; they met
the less they could, and Miller spent most of his time working.
She took some courses with Lee Strasberg
and daily met her psychoanalyst.
April 29, 1958, in their New York apartment, with producer Kermit Bloomgarden
,,,, (more pics here).
On May 21, 1958,
Arthur
Miller received the gold medal from the American Academy and National
Institute of Arts and Letters during the annual ceremony, at the
Academy Auditorium
Arthur went with her at the airport on July 7, 1958; she left alone to Los Angeles, for the shooting of "Some
Like it Hot" ,;,,;,,,
He joined her on the set of "Some Like it Hot" (1958)
Production ,,, (more pics here).During the shooting, Marilyn was pregnant, once again, but had a miscarriage after 3 months. She was deeply affected.
During Spring 1958, Marilyn made a picture session with Richard Avedon for Life magazine issue from December
22, 1958; Arthur wrote an article to go with the pictures ;,,
November 23, 1958, back to New York ,
On February 5, 1959, they had lunch whith Karen Blixen at the writer Carson McCullers's home
then, they attended the New York preview of "Some Like it Hot"
On February 10, 1959, performance at the New York Metropolitan Opera ,(more pics here).
On February 26, 1959, in Consul
of France where Marilyn received the Crystal Star
Arrival
,,-;,On March 29, 1959, they attended the premiere of "Some Like it Hot", at the Lowe’s Capitol Theater of New
York City ,, (more pics here).
On May 20, 1959, they attended the annual exhibition organised by the "American Academy of Arts and
Letters" at the gallery of the National Institute of Arts and Letters ,;-
Leaving
For his part, Arthur had creativity problems and
after 10 years of success, went through a hard time. He worked on the
script of "The Misfits",
a movie suggested to him by photographer Sam Shaw and written for Marilyn.
It took him 2 years to finish the screenplay.
July 1959, leaving the Actors Studio
On August 15, 1959 the Millers attended a performance of "Macbeth" at the Boston Arts Center Theater,
In September 1959, he accompanied Marilyn at the New York airport: she flew to Los Angeles to attend the dinner in
Khrouchtchev's honor at Fox studio ,-,,-
On September 27, 1959, they attended the AFHU ceremony (American Friends of the Hebrew University) at the
Bellevue Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia ,,,,
,--,,,,;.
On November 2, 1959, the Millers arrived in Los Angeles where Marilyn had to shot "Let's Make
Love".
, (more pics here).
Marilyn started the shooting with Yves Montand. Miller often left the USA to join John Huston, future director of
In March 1960 he was called back in Los Angeles to get involved in the screenplay of "Let's Make Love"
Production ,,, (more pics here).
At the same time, the writers union began a strike.
In his book Donald Spoto placed the moment when she became aware of her wedding failure, during the shooting of this movie.
Miller gave another interpretation. In
his autobiography, he claimed that, in fact, he had gave up his
own work to prove her that they were able to live together, that he was
there to help her and that his presence on the set was exclusively
dedicated to her.
She was upset because Miller having given up his political ideals, he disappointed her. For his part, he had many topics of dissatisfactions, which included the affair between Marilyn and Montand. The tension which reigned on
the set was a test to both of them --
The shooting of "The Misfits" signed the death of the couple. They took separate rooms. He had considerably suffered and began to doubt about his writer talents. Every nights, he wrote the dialogues for the following day. He couldn't made up his mind neither about the end of the movie, nor on the choice of the cow-boy who had to win Marilyn's love.
Arriving in Reno, on July 20, 1960
in the car
(more pics here).
On August 13, 1960, premiere of Frank Sinatra's show at the Cal Neva Lodge
On September 5, 1960,
Marilyn was back in Reno after her hospitalization
Arriving in San Francisco
At the end of the shooting, they left the studios in separate cars.
At the end of October 1960 she announced she had asked Miller to leave their bungalow at the Beverly Hills Hotel.
On November 11, 1960, the divorce announcement was made public. She lived in the apartment, 444 East 57th Street, he lived at the Chelsea Hotel.
After the divorce, he would keep the house in Roxbury .
On January 20, 1961, in Juarez, Mexico, she obtained the divorce due to irreconcilable differences, from Judge Miguel Gomez Guerra.
She had chosen this day, because it was the day of President Kennedy's investiture and it occupied the whole press.
Miller was affected by Marilyn's nervous breakdown after their separation. He would have thought about visiting her at the hospital, but some friends would have dissuade him, claiming that he couldn't do anything more for her.
After Marilyn's death, he felt guilty to have hastened her suicide by leaving her. To calm his anxiety, he wroteDespite the lack of enthusiasm the work aroused when it was published and the ethical problem it posed (publicly unveil his ex-wife personality), the play showed Miller's perspicacity concerning Marilyn.
Many commentaires have noticed that "The Misfits" and "After The Fall" perfectly describe 2 facets of Marilyn : her bright and full of life side, and her dark and desperate one.
She had stayed with him more longer than with anyone else; he was often criticized for having let her within her anxieties and drug addiction. But his devotion during the hard years can't be called into question.
In 1960, on 5th Avenue, New York City, Miller met Inge Morath, the photographer he had met on the set of "The Misfits", while she belonged to the Magnum agency crew, which covered the shooting.Arthur didn't recognize her but he called the Taylors to ask who she was, saying that he rememered her face but not her name.
In April 1960, Miller dealt with the movie production of his play "A View From The Bridge", for which Norman Rosten worked on the screenplay.
On February 17, 1962 he married Inge Morath. The ceremony took place in New Milford, Connecticut.
Then, they left again to Europe (,,) and came back to the USA on April 10, 1962.
On September 15, 1962, birth of their daughter, Rebecca (;;
In November 1966, birth of their son Daniel, who suffered from the Down Syndrom.
They lived together until Inge's death.
He kept writing plays and screenplays (,;).
With his sister Joan, in 1962 ,,.
With his lawyer Joseph Rauh, Washington, 1962 .
With Inge Morath
In Fall 1963, Inge gave
birth to Daniel, a boy affected by the Down Syndrome. Daniel would
spend the rest of his life in an institution for mental retardation
children. Inge would visit him almost every week, while Arthur would
not much came; he wouldn't recognize and even mention his son publicly.
Moreover, none of his official or professional biographies would
mention Daniel's birth.
In 1965, with Luchino Visconti who produced Miller's play, "After The Fall" in Paris
In 1966 Miller joined
the Committee of Conscience against Apartheid action by removing his
bank accounts from the Chase Manhattan and the First National City
Bank, in protest to the banks support to the South Africa economy.
He also accepted the presidency of PEN International, a writers association which had 8 000 members through the world, even if none of them came from countries limiting the artistic freedom, like the Soviet bloc, the Latin
America's dictators and the apartheid in Africa ,
The problem of self-expression became the main cause to defend for Miller's administration, from 1965 to 1969, and he helped to guarantee the release of Arrabal, the Franco-Spanish writer, from Franco's prisons.
With Inge, they started travelling in the East, from Hong-Kong to Japan, Siam, Cambodia, and Soviet Union
. After their journey, they collaborated on a photographs and essay book entitled "In Russia".
In April 1967, he signed and contributed to the funding of a full-page advert which had to be published in London Times, to protest against the American position in Vietnam. His signature completed those of Mike
Nichols, Marlon Brando, Joseph Heller, Allen Ginsburg, William L.Shirer and Benjamin Spock
In August 1968 Miller got the election sewed up in Roxbury as delegate of the Democratic Party Convention
In 1972, with the German writer Heinrich Böll in Cologne
November 20, 1980, opening night of "The American CLock" at the Biltmore Theatre
1990, celebrating his 75th birthday with his wife and his daughters .
On October 30, 1995 the PEN
American Center paid tribute to him at the Town Hall, New York City.
The occasion was his 80th birthday, 2 weeks earlier. A selection of his
plays was performed. Followed by a dinner at Sardi's, the New York
theater mark.
When the studio agreed that Arthur wrote the screenplay, the project became a family matter. Rebecca Miller became the photographer of the shooting (she had also played small parts in "Regarding Henry" and "Mrs Parker and the Vicious CIrcle"). During the shooting in Essex, Massachusetts, Rebecca met her future husband, the actor Daniel Day Lewis, who played the leading role besides Winona Ryder.
This movie was as a kind of a family therapy. Arthur and Robert hadn't had any contact for many years. Arthur hadn't really had the experience of his son as an adult. They both needed something that could link them and the movie was the event which brought them together.
The crfitics of the movie were good and it was nominated to the Academy Awards for the Best Screenplay.
Inge died on January 30, 2002.
With Agnes Barley, his last companion ,
He died on February 10, 2005 at Roxbury, from a congestive heart failure.
Other pictures (thanks to give me any informations you may have about these pics):
Bibliography
"After the Fall". New York :
Viking, 1964.
"Everybody Wins", New York, Grove.1990.
"My Wife Marilyn", by Arthur Miller, published in Life magazine, December 22th 1958.
"The Misfits", Arthur Miller, Le Livre de poche Edition, 1972.
"Au fil du temps" Arthur Miller, Paris, Grasset, 1988; LGF, collection livres de poche, 1989.
"Timebends". New York : Grove.
1987.
"Théâtre", Arthur Miller, Paris, Laffont, 1995.
" Arthur Miller : His Life and Work ". Martin Gottfried. Editions Da Capo. 2003.
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